a. Here is how the damage is induced. Today, Congress determines what laws it thinks

necessary and expedient, then determines whether, in its foresight, whether the laws are also proper within the envelop of its powers and limitations. Unfortunately, the combined power essentially eliminates the need for an executive except to faithfully execute the laws enacted by Congress, whether good or bad. In the latter case, the Executive Department, and hence the President, would then be subordinate to the Congress which is contrary to the Separation of Powers Doctrine created from within the constitution, and power grants in Sections 1 of Articles I and II.

b. Incidentally, the President is Chief Executive of the Nation; Congress possesses the

legislative powers of the United States Government, not the Nation. See the difference between the power grants by Article 1, Section 1 and Article II, Section 1, Constitution of the United States of America; one is a national power, the other a government power. Congress cannot exercise foreign power policy; the President can. The President is granted the executive power of the United States of America; Congress is only granted the legislative power of the United States, not the United States of America, See the Preamble for the difference. Therefore, the branches of the United States government are not equal; in point of fact, the Judicial Department is even more limited in that it is only granted powers under, not in, the Constitution of the United States of America, as stated in Article III, Sections 1 and 2 thereof.

c. The M’Culloch unconstitutional decision remains in effect today and has done so

since 1819. Just think of the numerous laws enacted by Congress and initiated by it without the President exercising the Article II power declaring them to be necessary and expedient. By signing them into law, he may declare them to be necessary by default; however, that is not an original constitutional power grant of intent. The combination of the executive and congressional power into a single power of Congress - powers which were meant to be separate and independent, unique to different branches of the government, and kept separate as a limitation on the exercise of government powers – degraded the integrity of the constitution immeasurably. The combination has overcome the purpose of the congressional limitations, the combination has unbridled the limitations on the exercise of congressional powers; and the combination has become detrimental to the interest of the citizenry-at-large.

d. The Stare Decisis Doctrine, the adherence to precedent where possible, allows for

errors in judicial decisions to propagate readily through the government especially where one branch has an increase in its power with the support of the second branch at the expense of the third branch. One result is the subjugation of the national citizenry-at-large, possession and control of their course of conduct which becomes a status of involuntary servitude without viable choices.

e. Consider the fact that a group of attorneys provide arguments to the justices of the

Supreme Court in matters the court considers. The decisions rendered in that court are binding on all federal courts; they may not be binding on the states. Yet, state courts ignore their own constitutions and honor the decisions of the Supreme Court; the citizenry-at-large, and their powers reserved for to them by the Tenth Amendment, be dammed. Decisions based upon the argument of a group of statutory attorneys usurp the power of the citizenry-at-large, a sovereign power, to satisfy disputes between two or more parties which likely does not even consider the citizens’ Tenth Amendment power. Such decisions apply only to the parties involved, not the citizenry at-large.

19. The federal judiciary decision rendering process in cases involving constitutional issues can and does amend or alter the meaning of the constitution without any constitutional power to do so. Judicial review by the United States Supreme Court of constitutional issues is

contrary to the power grant provided it by Article III, Sections 1 and 2, Constitution of the United States of America. When constitutional issues come before the court, it must transfer that issue either to the Executive Department or the Legislative Department, and take no further action.